The cradle of civilization on the north coast of Peru
Huaca Prieta, located in the Chicama Valley in La Libertad, is one of the oldest and most fascinating archaeological sites in the entire American continent. It is part of the El Brujo Archaeological Complex, along with Huaca Cao Viejo and Huaca Cortada, and is a key site for understanding the transition from early hunter-gatherer groups to complex agricultural societies. This destination combines history, science, and cultural tourism, ideal for travelers seeking authentic and enriching experiences.
1. History and Cultural Legacy of Huaca Prieta
Huaca Prieta is estimated to have dated back to 14,000 to 4,000 BC, making it one of the oldest human settlements in the Americas. Discovered in 1946 by archaeologist Junius Bird and subsequently studied by teams led by Tom D. Dillehay, it has revealed discoveries that transformed our understanding of Peru’s earliest inhabitants:
- First Farmers in the Americas: Remains of cotton, chili peppers, beans, squash, pacae, and avocado show early evidence of plant domestication.
- Pioneering Textiles: Cotton fabrics using the world’s oldest indigo were found, dating back more than 6,200 years. This discovery positions Huaca Prieta as an advanced textile center long before other cultures on the planet.
- Mixed Economy: The inhabitants combined marine harvesting, fishing, sea lion hunting, and mollusk gathering, complemented by small-scale farming.
- Cultural Evolution: Excavations reveal successive layers of human occupation, showing changes in subsistence techniques, social organization, and settlement patterns.
Huaca Prieta is not only important for its age, but also because it marks the beginning of a cultural revolution that laid the foundations for the great pre-Inca civilizations of the northern coast, such as the Moche and Chimu.
2. Location and How to Get There
- Region: La Libertad
- Province: Ascope
- District: Magdalena de Cao
- Distance from Trujillo: 60 km (approx. 1 hour 20 minutes by car)
Access Routes:
- From Trujillo by Bus:
Take a bus from the bus station to Chocope (1 hour) and from there take a minibus or taxi to Magdalena de Cao (20 minutes). - By Private Tour or Agency:
Trujillo agencies offer complete packages that include transportation, a guide, and entrance fees starting at USD 30 per person.
3. Admission Hours and Prices 2025
- Opening Hours: Every day, from 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m.
- General Admission:
- Adults: S/ 10.00
- Students and Seniors: S/ 5.00
- Schoolchildren: S/ 1.00
- Specialized Tours: Access to Huaca Prieta is via guided tours upon request, due to its status as a research site.
- Traveler Tip: If you wish to include Huaca Prieta in your visit, please coordinate in advance with the complex or a specialized agency.
4. Climate and Best Time to Travel
The Chicama Valley has a coastal desert climate, hot and dry year-round.
- Average annual temperature: 15°C to 25°C.
- Best Time to Visit: December through March, when the skies are clearest and the sun shines on the complex.
- Recommendation: Bring sunscreen, a hat, and light clothing, as well as a light coat for the afternoons.
5. What to see in and around Huaca Prieta
Huaca Prieta (Preceramic)
- Archaeological mound with layers of ash, plant remains, shells, and textiles.
- Evidence of the first farmers and textile pioneers in the Americas.
Huaca Cao Viejo (Moche)
- Adobe pyramid with polychrome murals depicting ceremonial scenes.
- Inside, the tomb of the Lady of Cao, a Moche leader whose mummified body and original tattoos are on display in the Cao Museum, was found.
Cao Museum
- Exhibition of ceramics, textiles, tools, and human remains.
- Interactive space that explains the complete history of the complex.
Huaca Cortada and Paredones
- Structures complementary to the ceremonial and administrative system of the valley.
Puerto Chicama
Just 25 minutes away, this beach is world-famous for having the longest left-hand wave in the world, ideal for surfers and photographers.
6. Recommended Activities
- Complete archaeological tour: Huaca Prieta + Cao Museum + Huaca Cao Viejo.
- Professional photography: Capture Moche murals, coastal landscapes, and pre-ceramic textiles.
- Complementary cultural visit: Combine the experience with Chan Chan, Huanchaco, and the historic center of Trujillo.
- Surf and relax in Puerto Chicama: Ideal for enjoying the ocean after the cultural tour.
7. Suggested Itinerary
Option 1: Full Day from Trujillo
- 8:00 AM: Departure to the El Brujo complex.
- 9:30 AM: Guided tour of the Cao Museum.
- 10:30 AM: Visit to Huaca Cao Viejo and its murals.
- 12:00 PM: Specialized tour to Huaca Prieta (reservation required).
- 2:00 PM: Seafood lunch in Puerto Chicama.
- 4:00 PM: Return to Trujillo.
Option 2: 2 Days
- Day 1: El Brujo Complex + Huaca Prieta + Puerto Chicama.
- Day 2: Chan Chan + Huanchaco + Trujillo Historic Center.
8. Recommended Hotel
In Puerto Chicama:
- Chicama Boutique Hotel & Spa ⭐⭐⭐⭐
Ideal for those seeking luxury and ocean views. - Chicama Surf Camp
Perfect for surfers and active travelers. - Hostal Nuevo Amanecer
A budget option near the beach.
In Trujillo:
- Costa del Sol Wyndham Trujillo ⭐⭐⭐⭐
- Hotel Libertador Trujillo ⭐⭐⭐⭐
- Los Conquistadores Trujillo ⭐⭐⭐
9. Local Gastronomy
A visit to Chicama and Magdalena de Cao is also a culinary delight:
- Ceviche norteño: Prepared with fresh fish and a touch of ají limo chili.
- Shambar trujillano: Traditional soup served on Mondays.
- Cabrito con frijoles: A signature dish from La Libertad.
- Causa Chiclayana and tiraditos: Coastal fusion for discerning palates.
10. Travel Tips
- Book your ticket and guide in advance.
- Bring cash in soles; some businesses don’t accept cards.
- Wear sunscreen and a hat to protect yourself from the coastal sun.
- Plan to combine your visit with other attractions in Trujillo and La Libertad.
