History of Arequipa: The White City

We know that understanding the history of a city before visiting can be confusing. That’s why here is a clear and complete guide to the history of Arequipa. You’ll discover its origins, evolution, and key facts so you can experience the city with context, culture, and a much richer travel experience.

🧭 What is Arequipa and why is it called the “White City”?

Arequipa is the second most important city in Peru, known as the “White City” due to the use of sillar, a white volcanic stone used in its colonial buildings. Its historic center is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

🏺 History of Arequipa: Origin and Evolution

🔹 Pre-Hispanic period

Before the arrival of the Spanish, the region was inhabited by cultures such as the Collaguas and Cabanas, who developed terrace farming in the Colca Valley.

🔹 Spanish foundation

Arequipa was founded on August 15, 1540, by the Spanish. Its strategic location made it an important commercial center during the colonial period.

🔹 Colonial development

During the colonial era, the city grew with baroque architecture built from sillar. Churches, mansions, and monasteries reflect this historical richness.

🔹 Republican Arequipa

In the republican era, Arequipa played a key role in political and cultural movements in Peru, strengthening its independent identity.

🏛️ Key Historical Sites You Must Visit

• Santa Catalina Monastery

A city within a city, with more than 400 years of history.

• Arequipa Cathedral

Located in the main square, it is a symbol of religious and architectural power.

• Church of the Company (Iglesia de la Compañía)

An example of Peruvian mestizo baroque architecture.

• Sabandía Mill

A colonial structure linked to agricultural production.

📊 Historical Experience Table in Arequipa

💵 Costs and What’s Included

Historical tours in Arequipa

Included:

• Tour guide (Spanish/English)
• Walking tour of the historic center
• Cultural and historical explanations

Not included:

• Entrance fees to some sites
• Transportation (for walking tours)
• Tips

👉 Average cost: $10 – $30 USD per guided tour

🧳 How to Explore Arequipa’s History?

🔹 Recommended options:

• Walking tours (historic center)
• Guided museum visits
• Private cultural tours

💡 Expert Tips (Pro Tips)

🌎 For foreign travelers:

• Altitude: Arequipa is at 2,300 meters (7,500 ft)—take it easy on your first day.
• Weather: Sunny but dry—stay hydrated.
• Schedules: Museums usually close early (5–6 p.m.).
• Guides: Hire certified guides for a better understanding of the history.
• Language: English tours are available, but confirm in advance.
• Culture: Respect religious sites and local customs.